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Conversions
Selection

Different hardness levels and unitserschiedene Härtegrade und Einheiten
Hardness units 1 meq/l 1 °d
German		 1 °f
French		 1 °e
English		 1 ppm
American		 1 mmol/l
1 meq/l 1,0 2,8 5,0 3,5 50,0 0,50
1 °d 0,375 1,0 1,78 1,25 17,8 0,18
1 °f 0,2 0,56 1,0 0,7 10,0 0,10
1 °e 0,286 0,8 1,43 1,0 14,3 0,14
1 ppm 0,02 0,056 0,1 0,07 1,0 0,01
1 mmol/l 2,0 5,60 10,0 7,02 100 1,0













Further hardness levels and units
Summe Erdalkalien = Calcium (mmol/l) + Magnesium (mmol/l)
1 mmol/l Summe Erdalkalien = 5,6 °d Gesamthärte
1 mmol/l Säurekapazität KS 4,3 = 1 meq/l   
m-Wert = 2,8 °d Karbonathärte
1 mg/l Calcium = 0,025 mmol/l = 0,05 meq/l
1 mg/l Magnesium = 0,041 mmol/l = 0,082 meq/l
1 mg/l Hydrogencarbonat (HCO3-) = 0,0164 mmol/l   
KS 4,3 = 0,0459 °d Karbonathärte
1 ppm CaCO3 = 1 mg/l = 0,01 mmol/l = 0,056 °dH
1 ppm CaO = 1 mg/l = 0,0179 mmol/l = 0,1 °dH

Other units
Length:
1 m = 1000 mm
Area:
1 m² = 10000 cm² = 106 mm²
Volume: 
1 m³ = 1000 dm³ = 1x 109 mm³
1 l = 1 dm³ = 1000 cm³ = 106 mm³
Quantity:   
1 mol = 6,023 x 1023 Teilchen;
Molvolumen ideal Gas = 22,4 l/mol
1 meq = 1 mol
            

Druck
Pascal (Pa)

Pa
(N/m2)

bar

at

Torr

atm

1 Pa = 1 N/m2

1

10-5

1,020x10-5

0,750x10-2

0,987x10-5

1 bar

105

1

1,020x10-6

0,750x10-3

0,987x10-6

1 at = 1 kp/cm2

0,981x105

0,981

1

735,6

0,9678

1 Torr

133,3

1,333x10-3

1,360x10-3

1

1,316x10-3

1 atm

1,013x105

1,013

1,033

760

1

      

ForceNewton (N)

 N kp
1 N = 1kg x m/s2 1 0,102
1 kp 9,81 1

Energy Joule (J) J (Nm; Ws) kpm kWh Kcal
1 J = 1 Nm = 1 Ws 1 0,102 2,778 x 10-7 0,239 x 10-3
1 kpm 9,81 1 2,724 x 10-6 2,343 x 10-3
1 kWh 3,6 x 106 3,671 x 105 1 860,1
1 kcal 4,187 x 103 426,8 1,163 x 10-3 1
Energy Joule (J) W Kpm/s Kcal/s PS
1 W = 1 J/s = 1 Nm/s 1 0,102 0,239 x 10-3 1,360 x 10-3
1 kpm/s 9,81 1 2,343 x 10-3 1,333 x 10-2
1 Kcal/s 4,186 x 103 126,8 1 5,691
1 PS 735,499 75 0,1757 1
                       
Conversion of American and English units of measure
1 yd     1 yard = 3 feet 0,9144 m
1 ft (`) 1 foot = 12 inches 0,3048 m
1 in (``) 1 inch = Zoll 25,4 mm
1 oz 1 ounce  28,35 g
1 lb 1 pound = 16 ounces 453,6 g
1 psi 1 pound per square inch 0,06896 bar
1 US gallon 3,78 l
1 Imp. gallon 1 gallon = 8 pint (pt) 4,546 l
°F  1° Fahrenheit x °F = (x-32) 0,556°C

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