» Limescale formation and deposits » Corrosion » Blockage of pipes, fittings and equipment with sludge » Microbial contamination, e.g. by Legionnaires’ Disease
Causes:
» Hard and aggressive water » Failure to observe norms and guidelines » Lack of water treatment » Unfavourable operating conditions
Scale formation Increased hardness constituents can lead to stubborn deposits and encrustations in piping systems, fittings and equipment. But
also wherever water is heated, e.g. in warm water systems or
throughflow heaters, coffee or tea machines, air-humidifiers or
wherever the overall hardness of the water is increased by evaporation,
such as in air-scrubbers or cooling towers; even low concentrations in
the drinking water can lead to troublesome deposits.
Corrosion If
water, and especially soft water, contains too much free, aggressive
carbonic acid, this can attack metal pipes and fittings. Increased
chlorine and sulphate contents also promote corrosion and attack
concrete. At the same time, soft water also makes the build-up of
natural protective layers more problematical. In circulating systems
such as open cooling circuits or air-scrubbers, the concentration of
all dissolved constituents is increased due to evaporation, bringing an
increased risk of corrosion. In
the case of heating and steam generators too, the quality of the boiler
water and feed water must be maintained within strict limits in order
to avoid corrosion in the boiler, piping system or steam and condensate
system.
Microbial contamination Long,
complex piping installations, large warm water systems, limescale
deposits and corrosion, together with stagnation, promote the microbial
contamination of drinking water systems. Bacteria such as Legionnaires’
Disease can also get into room air via air-conditioners and
air-scrubbers, if these are not operated in accordance with the
applicable guidelines.
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05.02.2012 / 20:04 
